mardi 27 janvier 2026

Davos 2026: Taking off the Mask

 

Source : https://themindness.substack.com/p/davos-2026-taking-off-the-mask
 

Davos 2026: Taking off the Mask

How the West traded the "Rules-Based Order" for the logic of the Bunker State. On Davos and transatlantic elite speeches.


Oil painting titled "Masked Ball at the Opera" (1873) by Édouard Manet. The scene depicts a crowded, chaotic gathering in the lobby of the Paris Opera. A sea of men in identical black top hats and evening coats dominate the frame, mingling with women wearing black eye masks and colorful costumes.
Édouard Manet, Masked Ball at the Opera (1873). The uniformity of the dress—then top hats, now business suits—betrays the uniformity of the worldview..

Why I Hesitated to Write About the WEF 2026 in Davos

I initially wanted to refrain from commenting on WEF 2026 in Davos. Part of the reluctance came from method: when we look at the behavior and rhetoric of Western ruling elites in a place like Davos, there is always a limit to what we can know about specific allegiances, internal conflicts, and degrees of honesty or outright lying.

The really granular analysis, who is double‑gaming whom, which factions are ascendant, would require several types of research, including a biographical mapping of transatlantic elite networks, a very close reading and anaylis of speeches, interviews, and think‑tank papers over time, as well as first‑hand observations of how these people behave and talk off‑stage. This is a type of data we do not have. What we do have, however, is a birds‑eye view, and from that vantage point, Davos 2026 looks like a narrative alignment ritual for Western power elites.

If we take seriously the idea of the Bunker State (as laid out in my introduction essay “The Bunker and the Void”), a transatlantic securitocracy and other transatlantic elite factions manage its populations and territories as resources in an attempt to halt the erosion of Western hegemony, then Davos 2026 becomes very legible. It was the moment where this Bunker logic was openly voiced, morally justified, and synchronized across the Atlantic system.

Several things crystallized this for me such as Mark Carney’s speech on “the end of the rules‑based order”, but also the remarks of Stubb or Macron, or Merz or Von der Leyen (etc.), a first-hand account from Davos by Yana Afanasieva, the timeline of policy decisions that preceded Davos 2026, pointing to a dynamic of convergence that seems to be a bit more than that.


Carney’s Confession: “We Knew…It Was False

Let’s start with what is, in effect, a confession (wihtout taking into account its function and motivation). Mark Carney, now Canada’s prime minister, told the Davos audience:

"We knew that the story about the rules-based order was partially false... We knew that international law applied with varying rigour depending on the identity of the accused and the victim. This fiction was useful [because of the goods provided by American hegemony]... So we placed the sign in the window. We participated in the rituals. And we largely avoided calling out the gaps between rhetoric and reality. This bargain no longer works. Let me be direct. We are in the midst of a rupture, not a transition...”.”

To explain this, he invoked Václav Havel’s famous essay “The Power of the Powerless.” Havel described a greengrocer who hangs a “Workers of the world, unite!” sign in his shop window to avoid trouble. The system persists because everyone performs obedience to a lie. Carney applies this straight to the liberal order. For decades, he says, countries like Canada’s ruling elites professed a belief in a rules‑based order while knowing that it was selectively applied and often false, but went along because the fiction was useful.

This is in other words the end of the liberal emancipatory promise. The rules‑based order or more precisely, the liberal order always functioned as a mask over US American hegemony and a hierarchy of power in which law and coercion were applied asymmetrically. Thus, what is new is not the reality of it being a mask, but what is new is that one of the actors now says it, on stage, in Davos. Carney’s proposed honesty is neither about appealing to a deeper moral truth, not is it about building something genuinely just and new. Instead, he reframes this new honesty like this:

“Stop invoking the rules-based international order as though it still functions as advertised. Call it what it is – a system of intensifying great power rivalry…”

In other words: truth is acceptance of power politics as the permanent horizon. The mask is off; the architecture remains. This is what I would call a Havel Inversion: the language of dissident resistance is used not to undermine an existing system, but to upgrade its ideology for the Bunker era.

Value-Based Realism

Interestingly, in that same speech Carney reveals that he did not invent this language. He explicitly credits Finnish President Alexander Stubb with the term “value-based realism”, and at Davos 2026, multiple Western leaders deployed nearly identical speeches in content.

Stubb at Davos:

“Can Europe defend itself without the US? Unequivocally, yes.”

Carney:

“We are calibrating our relationships, so their depth reflects our values, and we’re prioritizing broad engagement to maximize our influence, given and given the fluidity of the world at the moment, the risks that this poses and the stakes for what comes next. And we are no longer just relying on the strength of our values, but also the value of our strength. We are building that strength at home.”

European Council President António Costa:

“The EU will defend its interests... against any form of coercion... we will engage constructively with the US on areas of shared interests, but will stand up for itself if necessary.”

Carnegie Endowment (analyzing Davos):

“Europe’s vulnerability lies in its dependence on the United States... Europe must pair greater unity about its red lines with sustained efforts to reduce vulnerabilities... restraint must be a choice rather than a necessity.”

First of all, we can notice a pairing of sovereingty talk (we need to be less dependend on the US) with talk about defense. And herein, we can also ask ourselves: What does “value-based realism” actually mean in practice? The values are actually NATO membership, sovereignty rhetoric, like-minded democracies. The realism? It is about accepting US demands (Greenland framework, defense spending hikes to 5%+, integrated procurement, tariff negotiations, payment infrastructure alignment). Therefore, soverignty is performed in speeches while in reality subordination is implemented through “booths on the ice”, integrated command structures and resource allocation to US power elite prioritites.

This is the shift from “liberal internationalism” (universal rules, human rights, multilateral institutions) to “value-based realism” (bloc cohesion, strategic resilience, hard power) is thus nothing more than a taking the mask off moment as well as a justification for the coming harshness, the amoralness. Still, it preserves the moral vocabulary while abandoning the emancipatory content.

From Sovereignty to Resilience: Anti‑Entropic Management

The core line of Carney’s speech, for my purposes, is this:

“Sovereignty that was once grounded in rules, but will increasingly be anchored in the ability to withstand pressure. This room knows this is classic risk management. Risk management comes at a price, but that cost of strategic autonomy, of sovereignty can also be shared.”

This is essentially a way of using the word “sovereignty” but to cover up a logic of anti‑entropic management. In the unipolar moment, “rules” and more specifically, laws, were the shield of a US‑led framework. A framework that enabled European social states and Canadian welfare capitalism to exist at all. In the new moment, Carney says, that shield is gone. Now sovereignty will be the capacity to absorb shocks in a system which is perceived to be hostile, not using any rules at all but using coercion instead. What’s more, sovereignty is shared. A shared sovereignty is not soverignty unless the citizens of that soverign state decided collectively that this is what they want. Did they?

Everything that follows and that we can see being at Davos 2026 is a program for whole‑of‑society mobilization toward that end: Strategic autonomy in energy, food, critical minerals, finance, supply chains, collective investments in “resilience”, fast‑tracking “a trillion dollars” into energy, AI, critical minerals, new trade corridors, doubling defense spending, explicitly in ways that build domestic (dual use) industries. The social‑democratic content of the state drains away as the state becomes an infrastructure and security platform, a node in a grid. Healthcare, education, and public goods become contingent on their contribution to resilience for what is perceived as great‑power rivalry, and not just the development of a multipolar order.


The Social Function of WEF

Sociologists have long documented that elite gatherings like WEF (but also many others like the Munich Security Conference or Bilderberg Meetings) serve specific coordination functions distinct from conferences in other social fields. Pierre Bourdieu's concept of social capital (1986) shows how these events create “institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition” that produce differential access to power. C. Wright Mills' The Power Elite (1956) demonstrated how corporate, political, and military elites coordinate through informal networks and exclusive gatherings, bypassing democratic processes. More recent scholarship on the transnational capitalist class (Sklair 2001; Robinson 2004) identifies forums like Bilderberg and WEF as key sites where transatlantic power elites align policy frameworks before implementing them through national governments.

Now, WEF in particular is such an elite gathering and it performs several functions. The attendance at Davos itself leads to an institutionalized recognition that one is member of a global elite. Further, the networks formed at such a meeting can be converted into economic benefit (through deals and contracts) but also political influence (e.g. policy coordination). Thus, whether decisions were made here, I don’t know, but the informal gatherings that such venues as Davos provide do offer the possibility for such actions. The messages that were released by Trump that Macron had sent him exactly reveal these types of dynamics. It is also where elites hear the same story from different elite stakeholders, thereby aligning their cognitive maps and talking points for the year. It’s about reducing entropy within the ruling stratum. It’s also a space to forge a working consensus on permissible policies and realistic horizons. Disagreements are managed within the boundaries of shared class and systemic interests (e.g., how to secure critical minerals, not whether to prioritize securitization over the welfare state). Lastly, the event generates a media cascade that signals to investors, bureaucrats, and the professional-managerial class what the “serious people” are now thinking. The carefully curated release of reports and speeches provides a legitimizing intellectual gloss for policies that will later be implemented. It’s the first green light for more austerity, mobilization, and the normalization of amoral realism.

Therefore, Davos 2026 was not where these larger political frameworks of pragmatism, technocracy, and the “mask off” moment were decided or debated, but it was rather where decisions were publicly synchronized across the transatlantic system. It is a dynamic of structural coordination through shared class position and all of which this implies.

Let’s go through several points that could reflect such a structural coordination of narrative (and policy):

Mobilization (Hard Power, Resilience, Material Flows)

The rhetoric toward mobilization which includes the use of hard power, the whole-of-society approach through the word resilience, and the importance of material or resource corridors and strategic geographical location, was explicit and quite similar in content across speakers:

NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte (at Davos):

“So, President Trump and other leaders are right. We have to do more there. We have to protect the Arctic against Russian and Chinese influence….Yes, we (Europe) can defend ourselves today, but we have to deliver on The Hague commitments. Not because of Donald Trump — yes, it equalizes with the US that keeps them in — but particularly because we have to defend ourselves.”​

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz (at Davos):

“Second, we want to make Europe a key player again in global politics—economically, and particularly in defense. We need to be able to defend ourselves, and we need to do so fast. These goals are complementary. Economic competitiveness and the ability to shape global politics are two sides of the same coin.”

Notice how Merz conjoins the topic of defense with the ability to shape global politics?

Behind this rhetoric, the material decisions behind these statements were already made. For example through €800 billion ReArm Europe plan in April 2025, or when the European Parliament adopted its 2026 budged with defence and security among its priorities in November 2025, or in December 2025, when the Parliament approved a “mini-omnibus” reallocating Digital Europe, Horizon Europe, European Defense Fund toward defense and dual-use projects. These announcements were all ready to go before Trump’s Greenland threats, before his tariff ultimatums. Davos was the narrative rollout.

Refining Territorial Roles

Even though sovereignty is a prominent topic at this year’s WEF, it still seems as if some NATO member, and in particular those that would be part of the Arctic sphere, are playing their assigned functional role for their particular territorial containter (country) within the integrated NATO architecture.

Carney (Canada):

“On Arctic sovereignty, we stand firmly with Greenland and Denmark... Our commitment to NATO’s Article 5 is unwavering... we’re working with our NATO allies, including the Nordic Baltic Gate, to further secure the alliance’s northern and western flanks, including through Canada’s unprecedented investments in over-the-horizon radar, in submarines, in aircraft and boots on the ground, boots on the ice.”

Rutte (NATO):

“NATO is constructed like this: that the US, Canada and the European NATO Allies work completely integrated... For the United States to stay safe, you need a safe Arctic, a safe Atlantic, and a safe Europe.”

The Atlantic Council (interpreting the Trump-Rutte “framework”):

“The ‘hard work’ ahead for negotiators will be hammering out an agreement that addresses Trump’s legitimate security concerns while also respecting the sovereignty of NATO allies... Creative solutions include: UK’s ‘sovereign base area’ in Cyprus, shared sovereignty over Andorra, US perpetual lease in Guantanamo Bay.”

Ultimately, each NATO member is being assigned a territorial and functional role. And this year’s WEF focused mostly on those near or close to the arctic. Which means Canada is part of the Arctic flank. As we know, Germany is the logistics corridor and possibly an industrial base for EU rearmament. Poland and the Baltics are part of the Eastern flank with forward ground forces. The other Nordics are part of the Arctic and Baltic monitoring. Greenland (implicitly) is part of the US “sovereign base areas” for critical minerals, radar installations and its geographical location close to Russia.

Ultimately, all talks about soverignty or even an apparent verbal altercation between US and allied policy elites, mask an even deeper integration while explaining that this integration is accompanied by ruthlessness and force. The example of Greenland proves instructuive. While every leader (except for Trump) publicly says “we stand with Denmark’s soverignty”, in reality, Trump and NATO’s Rutte anounce a framwork for a future deal while the Atlantic Council (as one of the transatlantic networking entities) discusses creative solutions. The very same goes for teh EU itself and the narrative around “we can defend ourselves.” NATO integration becomes deeper. And I could show how, but this will be the topic of another essay.

This is what I call a kind of simulated sovereignty where leaders perform resistance for domestic audiences through speeches and temporary parliamentary freezes of trade deals while accepting the material fact of subordination (integrated NATO command, US-controlled critical infrastructure, dollar/Euro financial architecture). Even the reference to “middle powers acting together” is simply acting within that same architecture of G7, NATO, the dollar and the Euro.

NATO and Greenland: The Crack Where the Structure Shows

Indeed, the NATO paragraph in Carney’s speech is especially revealing and the hipocrisy of it is incredible if predictable. On the one hand:

Our commitment to NATO’s Article 5 is unwavering… we’re working… to secure the alliance’s northern and western flanks… boots on the ground, boots on the ice.

And on Greenland:

“We stand firmly with Greenland and Denmark, and fully support their unique right to determine Greenland’s future… Canada strongly opposes tariffs over Greenland and calls for focused talks to achieve our shared objectives of security and prosperity in the Arctic.”

What does these two paragraphs mean? Read through the Greenland crisis that unfolded around Davos, this is precisely the pattern I have described elsewhere: Carney never questions the premise that Greenland’s future is an alliance matter, defined through “shared objectives” of Arctic security, and, hence, not through Danish/Greenlandic self‑determination. “Stand with Greenland and Denmark” is absolutely cost‑free rhetoric. The operative clause is: “focused talks to achieve our shared objectives in the Arctic.” Those “shared objectives” have already been written in Washington, NATO HQ, and the Pentagon: secure critical minerals, sea lanes, and basing under US command.

This is simulated sovereignty in its purest form if we ever needed an example of it. While publicly allegiance to territoria integrity, international law and the right of small nations to choose their future is performed, on the practical, the material level, the parameters of the future are set by alliance planners and above all, US-led strategic requirements.

Carney even names the pathology outright:

“This is not sovereignty. It’s the performance of sovereignty while accepting subordination.”

And then, he immediately performs sovereignty while accepting subordination.

That is a most formidable example of elite capture: they are capable of describing the illness in abstract terms, but structurally unable to act outside of it as they are deeply integrated in to the transatlantic structures on the social networking, on the material-professional, but also on the material-military level of the core US/NATO architecture.

Hierarchy

From the outside, all this could be dismissed as overinterpretation of speeches and an overinterpretation of gatherings such as the WEF. This is where Yana Afanasieva’s very interesting first‑hand account from Davos becomes invaluable.

She notes a hierarchy of moods between gleeful Americans and fatalistic Europeans. Americans from media and business arrive “in a very gleeful mood,” openly relishing European humiliation and celebrating their might. While Europeans are “apprehensive and in denial”: fatalistic about whatever will happen to Greenland, but emotionally fixated on Ukraine.

This shows, essentially, that, of course such ruling strata are not a monolithic bloc acting in complete harmony. An internal hierarchy of the Bunker does exist. The US, as command center, feels empowered by its ability to coerce allies (tariff threats, Greenland gambit, and so much more) and to dictate alliance priorities. Europe, as logistics and industrial base, senses its subordination but clings to the Ukraine narrative because it allows Europeans to still see themselves as the “garden” fighting the “jungle”, and not as a subordinate resource pool to their own ally. Greenland forces them to confront their vassalage. Ukraine allows them to maintain the civilizational fantasy. They choose fantasy.

The account also notes that Europeans still view the world through Kipling’s White Man’s Burden, seeing those outside Europe as “half‑devil and half‑child.” This is the dichotomous, sacralizing logic, and it is the action‑guiding orientation framework that makes Bunker policies thinkable. If the non‑West is coded as wild and irrational, then multipolarity appears as “lawlessness” rather than a legitimate redistribution of power and resources. Any move by Russia, China, or the Global South is experienced as ontological threat. Therefore, “more governance” at home and “hard power” abroad become existential imperatives. As Carnegie, Rutte, and Carney all frame it at Davos 2026: this is great power rivalry. Multipolarity is simply not understood and framed as an opportunity for cooperation, but the oppposite. In other words, the colonial gaze is still present and maybe even more so now.

The next point on AI and more governance, I would argue, present a technocratic acceleration. AI functions as an ideological and financial bridge over stagnation. It promises growth and control without addressing the underlying material erosion (deindustrialization, energy costs, rare earth dependency). While “more governance” means more technocratic emergency powers through central banks, regulators, NATO planners, security agencies. The logic is that if the world outside is “chaotic” and “lawless,” then the only alternative is to freeze the internal order through administrative control, surveillance, and automation. Politics is too slow; code and expertise must take over.


A quote graphic featuring text by political philosopher Sheldon S. Wolin. The text reads: "Inverted totalitarianism lies in wielding total power without appearing to, without establishing concentration camps, or enforcing ideological uniformity, or suppressing dissident elements so long as they remain ineffectual... It represents the political coming of age of corporate power and the political demobilization of the citizenry." The citation at the bottom reads: Sheldon S. Wolin, Democracy Incorporated (2008).
Source: Wolin, S. S. (2008). Democracy Incorporated: Managed Democracy and the Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism. Princeton University Press.

Closing Notes: Critical Nodes of Convergence

We need to understand gatherings such as the World Economic Forum in Davos through the social function they perform on different layers: from the micro layer of the indivisual politician and elite stakeholder, to the meso layer of the transantlantic social networks, to the meta layer of the NATO and US-led strategic frameworks in the face of what they perceive to be a crumbling world order if they cannot reign supreme. It is, thus, on such a world stage that leaders signlan compliance to each other and to Washington while preparing their publics for permanent mobilization. They do so by also updating in a way their operating ideology, to one of “value-based realism” but I would rather call an amoral technocratism. Further, it is here, where territorial roles are legitimized, too, maybe refined.

These transatantic elites are not panicking because they believe they can manage the transition from pleasant fiction to hard fortress. Whether they can is another question. What is clear is that they have chosen the Bunker over the Common, and Davos 2026 was the moment they said so out loud, to each other, in the mountains.

A Closing Note on Method: Coordination

I am not arguing that a secret cabal controls events or that elites act in perfect lockstep. Far from it. Instead, I am documenting structural coordination through shared class interests, institutional embeddedness, and network communication, the same processes sociologists have long studied in business cartels, professional associations, and ruling class formation. (Please look up power elite research and C. Wright Mills for this.) Whether we can learn to perceive it as such or not, but the ruling strata are a social group, just like we are, whether we define ourselves as middle-class, working class, bourgeoisie, or what have you.

Such functional elites coordinate openly through NATO summits, G7 meetings, WEF forums, think tank networks, and defense planning processes. This coordination is imperfect (there are factions, mistakes, contradictions) but real (it produces observable patterns in policy and rhetoric). Furthermore, of course, there are different functions, roles, patterns in biographies, national and regional flavors, slightly different scopes of action,…etc., but again, they do act in this manner because of class interests, and also because they see themselves apart from the world that is Non-Western and Non-elite. On the topic of factions, there might, for example, be a faction of European national politicians and another one of EU technocrats, and, therefore, tensions between soverignty rhetoric and integration imperatives. Yes. These contradictions are real, and they produce messy outcomes. But they occur within the Bunker framework, not as challenges to it.

In the end, all factions accept that Multipolarity is a threat, that NATO is indispensable, that mobilization is necessary, that technocratic governance is legitimate. So, we need to understand that coordination in some areas is real (we can empirically document it), but it is not conspirational because it is structural, network-based and imperfect. Further, elites have agency, they can choose what they say and do. But they do so under the constraints of the structures they live in (material conditions, institutional embeddedness, network dependencies, etc.). Essentially, just like we all do, we act within the constraints of structures bigger than ourselves.

During the Cold War, NATO coordinated defense policy, ideological messaging (Congress for Cultural Freedom), and economic integration (Marshall Plan) across the West. Nobody calls this a conspiracy. We know it is documented history. This what I call the Bunker State operates similarly through coordination through institutional mechanisms (NATO Planning), ideological production (think tanks), and material incentives (defense contracts, EU funds).

Right now, we are embedded within similar processes, trapped in them. We cannot step outside the geographical space that is the world while travelling into the future to look back at a historical time. But we can still do our best to gather and observe. The difference between then and now, is that we’re observing it in real time, before it’s safely in history books.


Addendum

These are the Notes that partly touch upon the topics discussed here:

Amoralness as Ideological Superstructure

The 2030 Countdown: Alliance & Sovereignty


Join the Conversation

If Davos 2026 marks the moment the West officially transitioned from the “pleasant fiction” of the liberal order to the architecture of the Bunker, then our task of observation becomes critical. Now we must synchronize our understanding of what this “Value-Based Realism” looks like in practice.

Do you see this shift from “rules” to “resilience” manifesting in your own national context? Is the “Havel Inversion”, using the language of truth to justify amoral power, visible in your local political discourse? This project relies on connecting the birds-eye view of structural coordination with granular reality. Your counterpoints, observations, and local signals are necessary to test the strength of the Bunker thesis. Leave a comment below.

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lundi 26 janvier 2026

Blanche Gardin Interviewée par Daniel Schneidermann - Arrêt sur Image

Interview complète ici : 
 https://www.arretsurimages.net/emissions/je-vous-ai-laisse-parler/blanche-gardin-en-apparence-tout-est-normal

 

 

dimanche 25 janvier 2026

Davos: Eyewitness to a Burning Empire

    
Yana Afanasieva shares her impressions from Switzerland: The music has stopped, the house is on fire, but the elites are still dancing.
Pascal Lottaz
Jan 25
    
Pascal’s Note: The following is an email from one of my YouTube guests, Yana Afanasieva. She is in Switzerland and strolled around Davos to “absorb how the public reacts to what's happening on the main stage.” It seems the elites—especially those in Europe—are caught in fictions of their own making. As long as they pretend nothing has changed, they can continue the little charade that the Unipolar Moment is still ruling supreme. Davos reminds me a lot of Crans-Montana, that other Swiss Ski-resort where earlier this month partygoers were still dancing while the floor was already on fire.
 

By Yana Afanasieva

It was very clear that many Americans and especially American media came to Davos in a very gleeful mood anticipating humiliation of the European elites. Sort ot “we are here to tell you what is going to happen and there is nothing you can do about it”. I was expecting to see some Danish or Greenland flags on the streets and I saw none.

Europeans, on the other side, kept repeating that “we need to get stronger militarily ... to be able to defend Ukraine and defeat Russia, but there is nothing we can do now”. For some strange reason, the European public has adopted a very fatalistic approach to whatever may happen to Greenland, but is refusing to accept what is about to happen to Ukraine. If I had to describe the European public vibe, it would be apprehensive and in denial, as if they know something bad is about to happen, but refuse to acknowledge this.

Many Davos visitors are from the world of consulting and various corporate services, and they are in Davos with a goal to find customers and figure out what corporations are ready to buy. I talked to a business owner who previously was offering team building events and leadership training to large companies. Now, with the cancellation of many DEI programs, the budgets for these corporate trainings have been cancelled, and this business is trying to figure out what else they can sell. ( Unfortunately, this person is not technical and unable to sell AI, and AI is still very much the only thing that most people are ready to buy and sell).
Upgrade to paid

About AI, I had the impression that the consensus in Davos is that everyone is denying the potential AI bubble, big IT and consulting companies, almost everyone from Tata Consulting to Cognizant to Deloitte to BCG want Google, Microsoft and Nvidia and others to continue investing into AI, continue the conversation that AI will bring a lot of growth, productivity, and continue riding the AI wave, because as long as AI “producers” declare that they are making progress, all other big companies continue investing into AI adoption projects and continue paying their consultants for AI implementation projects. 10 years ago big companies were investing into “digitalization”, then into “cloud infrastructure”, now it is AI adoption collusion.

Another big theme in Davos was related to “governance”. There is an admission that old governance at all levels is failing and disintegrating at all levels - international laws, demographic decline, youth unemployment, regulations around technology. Whoever is coordinating the top-down agenda for the conversations in Davos is clearly trying to convince the public that we need “more governance” to avoid the “apocalypse” of lawlessness and uncertainty. On the positive side, however, and contrary to some statements of Christine Lagarde, I do not believe they are going to introduce CBDCs in the form of government issuing wallets to people and restricting payments. I believe she was talking about expanding SEPA and other payment rails for intra-bank settlements, and was misunderstood for the purpose of creating sensation. I am not suggesting that there are no forces trying to introduce CBDCs, however, I do not see the government pushing this as an immediate project, and most people I talked to at Davos within the crypto and blockchain community agreed that CBDCs are not imminent.

I did not see any meltdown or panic or even profound sentiments within the public about the end of the global world order from anyone I talked to. I feel like this topic is only important for the puppets of the top. Americans from the media and business community still believe they rule the world and are in Davos openly celebrating their “might”, Europeans are in denial and view the world through Kipling’s poem where everyone outside of Europe is wild half-devil and half-child:

    Take up the white man’s burden
    Send forth the best you breed
    Go bind your sons to exile
    To serve your captives’ need.
    To wait in heavy harness,
    On fluttered folk and wild
    Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
    Half-devil and half-child.


samedi 24 janvier 2026

Discours du premier ministre canadien Mark Carney à Davos - 2026

 Source : https://x.com/search?q=from%3ARnaudBertrand%20carney&src=typed_query

Texte du discours prononcé par le premier ministre canadien Mark Carney lors du Forum économique mondial à Davos, en Suisse, le 20 janvier 2026.

C’est un plaisir — et un devoir — d’être parmi vous à ce moment charnière pour le Canada et le monde.

Je vais vous parler aujourd’hui de la rupture de l’ordre mondial, de la fin d’une fiction agréable et de l’avènement d’une réalité brutale dans laquelle la géopolitique des grandes puissances n’est soumise à aucune contrainte.

Cependant, je vous affirme que les autres pays, en particulier les puissances moyennes comme le Canada, ne sont pas impuissants. Ils ont le pouvoir de construire un nouvel ordre qui intègre nos valeurs, telles que le respect des droits de la personne, le développement durable, la solidarité, la souveraineté et l’intégrité territoriale des États.

Le pouvoir des moins puissants commence par l’honnêteté.

Chaque jour, on nous rappelle que nous vivons à une époque de rivalité entre les grandes puissances. Que l’ordre fondé sur des règles s’estompe. Que les forts font ce qu’ils peuvent et que les faibles subissent ce qu’ils doivent.

Cet aphorisme de Thucydide est présenté comme inévitable, comme la logique naturelle des relations internationales qui se réaffirme. Et face à cette logique, les pays ont fortement tendance à se conformer pour s’entendre. À s’accommoder. À éviter les problèmes. À espérer que la conformité leur apportera la sécurité.

Ce ne sera pas le cas.

Alors, quelles sont nos options?

En 1978, le dissident tchèque Václav Havel a écrit un essai intitulé Le pouvoir des sans-pouvoir. Dans cet essai, il posait une question simple: comment le système communiste a-t-il pu se maintenir?

Sa réponse commence par un marchand de fruits et légumes. Chaque matin, ce commerçant place une affiche dans sa vitrine: «Travailleurs du monde, unissez-vous! » Il n’y croit pas. Personne n’y croit. Mais il place quand même l’affiche — pour éviter les problèmes, pour signaler sa soumission, pour s’entendre avec les autres. Et comme tous les commerçants de toutes les rues font de même, le système persiste.

Non pas uniquement par la violence, mais par la participation des gens ordinaires à des rituels qu’ils savent secrètement être faux.

Havel appelait cela «vivre dans le mensonge». Le pouvoir du système ne vient pas de sa vérité, mais de la volonté de chacun d’agir comme si elle était vraie. Et sa fragilité vient de la même source: dès qu’une seule personne cesse d’agir ainsi, dès que le marchand de fruits et légumes retire son panneau, l’illusion commence à s’effriter.

Il est temps que les entreprises et les pays retirent leurs enseignes. Pendant des décennies, des pays comme le Canada ont prospéré sous ce que nous appelions l’ordre international fondé sur des règles. Nous avons rejoint ses institutions, loué ses principes et bénéficié de sa prévisibilité. Nous pouvions mener des politiques étrangères fondées sur des valeurs sous sa protection.

Nous savions que l’histoire de l’ordre international fondé sur des règles était en partie fausse. Que les plus forts s’en exemptaient lorsque cela leur convenait. Que les règles commerciales étaient appliquées de manière asymétrique. Et que le droit international était appliqué avec plus ou moins de rigueur selon l’identité de l’accusé ou de la victime.

Cette fiction était utile, et l’hégémonie américaine, en particulier, contribuait à fournir des biens publics: des voies maritimes ouvertes, un système financier stable, une sécurité collective et un soutien aux cadres de résolution des différends.

Nous avons donc placé le panneau dans la vitrine. Nous avons participé aux rituels. Et nous avons largement évité de dénoncer les écarts entre le discours et la réalité. Ce compromis ne fonctionne plus. Je vais être direct: nous sommes en pleine rupture, et non en pleine transition. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, une série de crises financières, sanitaires, énergétiques et géopolitiques a mis à nu les risques d’une intégration mondiale extrême.

Plus récemment, les grandes puissances ont commencé à utiliser l’intégration économique comme une arme. Les droits de douane comme moyen de pression. Les infrastructures financières comme moyen de coercition. Les chaînes d’approvisionnement comme vulnérabilités à exploiter. On ne peut pas «vivre dans le mensonge» du bénéfice mutuel de l’intégration lorsque celle-ci devient la source de votre subordination. Les institutions multilatérales sur lesquelles s’appuyaient les puissances moyennes — l’OMC, l’ONU, la COP — l’architecture de la résolution collective des problèmes — sont fortement affaiblies.

En conséquence, de nombreux pays tirent les mêmes conclusions. Ils doivent développer une plus grande autonomie stratégique: dans les domaines de l’énergie, de l’alimentation, des minéraux essentiels, de la finance et des chaînes d’approvisionnement. Cette impulsion est compréhensible. Un pays qui ne peut pas se nourrir, s’alimenter en énergie ou se défendre n’a que peu d’options. Lorsque les règles ne vous protègent plus, vous devez vous protéger vous-même. Cependant, soyons lucides quant à la direction que cela prend. Un monde de forteresses sera plus pauvre, plus fragile et moins durable.

Et il y a une autre vérité: si les grandes puissances abandonnent même le semblant de règles et de valeurs pour poursuivre sans entrave leur pouvoir et leurs intérêts, les gains du «transactionnalisme» deviennent plus difficiles à reproduire. Les hégémons ne peuvent pas continuellement monétiser leurs relations. Les alliés se diversifieront pour se prémunir contre l’incertitude. Ils souscriront des assurances. Ils multiplieront les options. Cela reconstruit la souveraineté, une souveraineté qui était autrefois fondée sur des règles, mais qui sera de plus en plus ancrée dans la capacité à résister à la pression.

Cette gestion classique des risques a un coût. Mais le coût de l’autonomie stratégique, de la souveraineté, peut également être partagé. Les investissements collectifs dans la résilience sont moins coûteux que la construction de forteresses individuelles. Les normes communes réduisent la fragmentation. Les complémentarités sont positives.

La question pour les puissances moyennes, comme le Canada, n’est pas de savoir s’il faut s’adapter à cette nouvelle réalité. Nous devons le faire. La question est de savoir si nous nous adaptons en construisant simplement des murs plus hauts ou si nous pouvons faire quelque chose de plus ambitieux.

Le Canada a été parmi les premiers à entendre l’appel au réveil, ce qui nous a amenés à modifier fondamentalement notre posture stratégique. Les Canadiens savent que notre ancienne hypothèse confortable selon laquelle notre géographie et nos alliances nous conféraient automatiquement prospérité et sécurité n’est plus valable.

Notre nouvelle approche repose sur ce qu’Alexander Stubb a appelé le «réalisme fondé sur des valeurs» — ou, en d’autres termes, nous voulons être à la fois pragmatiques et fidèles à nos principes. Fidèles dans notre engagement envers les valeurs fondamentales: la souveraineté et l’intégrité territoriale, l’interdiction du recours à la force sauf lorsque cela est conforme à la Charte des Nations unies, le respect des droits de la personne. Pragmatiques en reconnaissant que les progrès sont souvent graduels, que les intérêts divergent, que tous les partenaires ne partagent pas nos valeurs. Nous nous engageons de manière large, stratégique et lucide. Nous acceptons activement le monde tel qu’il est, sans attendre qu’il devienne tel que nous le souhaitons.

Le Canada ajuste ses relations afin que leur profondeur reflète nos valeurs. Nous accordons la priorité à un engagement large afin de maximiser notre influence, compte tenu de la fluidité du monde, des risques que cela comporte et des enjeux pour l’avenir. Nous ne comptons plus uniquement sur la force de nos valeurs, mais aussi sur la valeur de notre force.

Nous renforçons cette force chez nous. Depuis l’entrée en fonction de mon gouvernement, nous avons réduit les impôts sur le revenu, les gains en capital et les investissements des entreprises, nous avons supprimé tous les obstacles fédéraux au commerce interprovincial et nous accélérons la mise en œuvre d’investissements d’un billion de dollars dans les domaines de l’énergie, de l’intelligence artificielle, des minéraux essentiels, des nouveaux corridors commerciaux et bien d’autres encore. Nous doublons nos dépenses de défense d’ici 2030 et nous le faisons de manière à renforcer nos industries nationales.

Nous diversifions rapidement nos activités à l’étranger. Nous avons conclu un partenariat stratégique global avec l’Union européenne, qui prévoit notamment notre adhésion au SAFE, le système européen d’approvisionnement en matière de défense. Au cours des six derniers mois, nous avons signé douze autres accords commerciaux et de sécurité sur quatre continents. Ces derniers jours, nous avons conclu de nouveaux partenariats stratégiques avec la Chine et le Qatar. Nous négocions actuellement des accords de libre-échange avec l’Inde, l’ANASE, la Thaïlande, les Philippines et le Mercosur.

Afin de contribuer à la résolution des problèmes mondiaux, nous poursuivons une géométrie variable, c’est-à-dire différentes coalitions pour différentes questions, en fonction des valeurs et des intérêts. En ce qui concerne l’Ukraine, nous sommes un membre clé de la coalition des volontaires et l’un des plus grands contributeurs par habitant à sa défense et à sa sécurité. En matière de souveraineté dans l’Arctique, nous soutenons fermement le Groenland et le Danemark et appuyons pleinement leur droit unique de déterminer l’avenir du Groenland.

Notre engagement envers l’article 5 est inébranlable. Nous collaborons avec nos alliés de l’OTAN (y compris les huit pays nordiques et baltes) afin de renforcer la sécurité des flancs nord et ouest de l’alliance, notamment grâce à des investissements sans précédent dans des radars transhorizon, des sous-marins, des avions et des troupes au sol.

En matière de commerce plurilatéral, nous soutenons les efforts visant à établir un pont entre le Partenariat transpacifique et l’Union européenne, créant ainsi un nouveau bloc commercial de 1,5 milliard de personnes. En ce qui concerne les minéraux critiques, nous formons des clubs d’acheteurs ancrés dans le G7 afin que le monde puisse se diversifier et s’affranchir d’un approvisionnement concentré. En matière d’IA, nous coopérons avec des démocraties partageant les mêmes idées afin de ne pas être contraints, à terme, de choisir entre les hégémons et les hyperscalers.

Il ne s’agit pas d’un multilatéralisme naïf. Il ne s’agit pas non plus de s’appuyer sur des institutions affaiblies. Il s’agit de construire des coalitions efficaces, thème par thème, avec des partenaires qui partagent suffisamment de points communs pour agir ensemble. Dans certains cas, cela concernera la grande majorité des nations. Il s’agit également de créer un réseau dense de connexions entre le commerce, l’investissement et la culture, sur lequel nous pourrons nous appuyer pour relever les défis et saisir les opportunités futures. Les puissances moyennes doivent agir ensemble, car si vous n’êtes pas à la table, vous êtes au menu. Les grandes puissances peuvent se permettre d’agir seules. Elles ont la taille du marché, la capacité militaire et le pouvoir de dicter leurs conditions. Les puissances moyennes n’ont pas ces atouts.

Cependant, lorsque nous ne négocions qu’au niveau bilatéral avec une puissance hégémonique, nous négocions en position de faiblesse. Nous acceptons ce qui nous est proposé. Nous sommes en concurrence les uns avec les autres pour être les plus accommodants. Ce n’est pas de la souveraineté. C’est l’exercice de la souveraineté tout en acceptant la subordination.

Dans un monde où rivalisent les grandes puissances, les pays intermédiaires ont le choix: se faire concurrence pour obtenir des faveurs ou s’unir pour créer une troisième voie qui ait un impact. Nous ne devons pas laisser la montée en puissance des forces brutes nous aveugler sur le fait que le pouvoir de la légitimité, de l’intégrité et des règles restera fort, si nous choisissons de l’exercer ensemble.

Ce qui me ramène à Havel. Que signifierait pour les puissances moyennes «vivre dans la vérité» ?

Cela signifie nommer la réalité. Cesser d’invoquer «l’ordre international fondé sur des règles» comme s’il fonctionnait encore comme annoncé. Appeler le système par son nom: une période où les plus puissants poursuivent leurs intérêts en utilisant l’intégration économique comme arme de coercition.

Cela signifie agir de manière cohérente. Appliquer les mêmes normes aux alliés et aux rivaux. Lorsque les puissances moyennes critiquent l’intimidation économique venant d’une direction mais restent silencieuses lorsqu’elle vient d’une autre, nous conservons l’enseigne dans la vitrine.

Cela implique de construire ce en quoi nous prétendons croire. Plutôt que d’attendre que l’hégémon rétablisse un ordre qu’il est en train de démanteler, il convient de créer des institutions et des accords qui fonctionnent comme décrit. Et cela implique de réduire l’influence qui permet la coercition.

La construction d’une économie nationale forte devrait toujours être la priorité de tout gouvernement. La diversification internationale n’est pas seulement une question de prudence économique, c’est aussi le fondement matériel d’une politique étrangère honnête. Les pays acquièrent le droit d’adopter des positions de principe en réduisant leur vulnérabilité aux représailles.

Le Canada possède ce que le monde désire. Nous sommes une superpuissance énergétique. Nous disposons de vastes réserves de minéraux essentiels. Nous avons la population la plus instruite au monde. Nos fonds de pension comptent parmi les investisseurs les plus importants et les plus sophistiqués au monde. Nous avons des capitaux, des talents et un gouvernement doté d’une immense capacité fiscale pour agir de manière décisive. Et nous avons les valeurs auxquelles beaucoup d’autres aspirent.

Le Canada est une société pluraliste qui fonctionne. Notre espace public est bruyant, diversifié et libre. Les Canadiens restent attachés à la durabilité. Nous sommes un partenaire stable et fiable — dans un monde qui est tout sauf cela — un partenaire qui établit et valorise les relations à long terme.

Le Canada possède autre chose: une reconnaissance de ce qui se passe et une détermination à agir en conséquence. Nous comprenons que cette rupture exige plus qu’une simple adaptation. Elle exige une honnêteté vis-à-vis du monde tel qu’il est.

Nous retirons l’affiche de la fenêtre. L’ancien ordre ne reviendra pas. Nous ne devons pas le regretter. La nostalgie n’est pas une stratégie. Cependant, à partir de cette fracture, nous pouvons construire quelque chose de meilleur, de plus fort et de plus juste. C’est la tâche des puissances moyennes, qui ont le plus à perdre dans un monde de forteresses et le plus à gagner dans un monde de coopération authentique.

Les puissants ont leur pouvoir. Cependant, nous avons également quelque chose: la capacité de cesser de faire semblant, de nommer la réalité, de renforcer notre puissance chez nous et d’agir ensemble. Telle est la voie choisie par le Canada. Nous l’avons choisie ouvertement et avec confiance. Et c’est une voie largement ouverte à tout pays désireux de la suivre avec nous.

Traduit de l’original anglais par Deepl, revu par Slobodan Despot.